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Managing floods

Managing floods

EVEN as the region is reeling under the unprecedented monsoon fury that has claimed many lives and destroyed crops, property and infrastructure worth thousands of crores of rupees in Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana, the report filed in the Rajya Sabha regarding the nationwide losses caused by rains in the last decade is an eye-opener. The data presented by the Jal Shakti Ministry for the 2012-2021 period says that over 17,000 people died in floods; it pegs the damage to property at Rs 2.61 lakh crore.

That the death toll and destruction have continued to be massive over the years reflects poorly on the disaster management policies and flood mitigation measures. Despite the availability of better technology to forecast weather, the country seems to be ill-prepared to tackle the situation on the ground. And rendering most plans and strategies ineffective is the rampant violation of the many rules and regulations — with impunity — that have been promulgated to save human and animal habitats from the flooding. There seems to be no end to the proliferation of unplanned settlements and structures around big cities, which get inundated as poor drainage system buckles under heavy spells of rain. Similarly, as banks of rivers and flood plains are routinely encroached upon, blocking the natural flow of the rivers during floods, these areas bear the brunt of nature’s ferocity. In HP, haphazard concretisation and unscientific cutting of mountain slopes to build roads and other infrastructure are the major causes of landslips during flash floods or cloudbursts. Large-scale deforestation and dam breaches also deal deadly blows during the monsoon.

The key to avoiding the recurrence of such eventualities is a critical review of the implementation of flood-prevention policies at all levels of governance. A timely and deterring response to flouting of rules and restoration of the ecological balance are imperative for safer environs.

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Imperative (adjective) – Of vital importance; crucial

अत्यावश्यक

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Reel under (phrase) – struggle or deal  with something

से जूझना

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Unprecedented (adjective) – Never having happened or existed in the past

अभूतपूर्व

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Fury (noun) – fierceness, ferocity, violence, turbulence, tempestuousness

प्रकोप

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Claim (verb) – Take lives of

जान लेना

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Infrastructure (noun) – facilities, structure, framework, system

संरचना

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Nationwide (adjective) – throughout the nation, countrywide, all over the country

देशव्यापी

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Decade (noun) – a period of ten years

दशक

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Peg (verb) –  an arrangement that fixes a price, currency, etc. at a particular level:

ठहराना

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Death Toll (noun) – Fatality, loss of life, mortality rate, mortality

मृत्यु के आँकड़े

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Destruction (noun) – demolition, ruin, devastation, annihilation

विनाश

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Massive (adjective) – enormous, huge, large, substantial

विशाल

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Reflect poorly on (phrase) – to cast in a negative light, discredit, dishonor

ख़राब तरह से दर्शाना

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Mitigation (noun) – reduction, alleviation, diminishment, moderation

घटाव

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Forecast (verb) – predict, anticipate, project, estimate

भविष्यवाणी करना

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Ill-prepared (adjective) – unready, unprepared, inadequately prepared

खराब तैयारी

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On the ground (phrase) – in a situation or place where things are happening really or practically

जमीनी स्तर पर

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Rampant (adjective) – unchecked, uncontrolled, widespread, unrestrained

अनियंत्रित/ बड़े पैमाने पर

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Violation (noun) – breach, infringement, transgression, breaking

उल्लंघन

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Impunity (noun) – exemption, freedom, immunity from punishment

माफी, दण्ड मुक्ति

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Promulgate (verb) – declare, announce, proclaim, publicize

घोषणा करना

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Habitat (noun) – dwelling, living environment, surroundings

आवास

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Proliferation (noun) – rapid increase, growth, expansion, multiplication

प्रसार

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Settlement (noun) – Community, village, town, colony, hamlet, township

बस्ती

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Inundate (verb) – flood, swamp, deluge, overwhelm

बहा देना

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Drainage system (noun) – the system of removing excess water or liquid waste

जल निकासी की व्यवस्था

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Buckle (verb) – collapse, give way, yield, cave in, falter

टूटना

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Spell (noun) – Period of heavy rain

भारी बारिश

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Bank (noun) – shore, riverside, riverbank, embankment

तट

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Encroach (verb) – trespass, infringe, invade, violate

अतिक्रमण करना

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Bear the brunt of (phrase) – to face the worst part of something unpleasant or harmful; to suffer the main part or force of something

सबसे ज्यादा नुकसान झेलना

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Ferocity (noun) – savagery, brutality, fierceness, vehemence

उग्रता

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Haphazard (adjective) – disorganized, unmethodical, random, unplanned

अव्यवस्थित

-Concretisation (noun) – the act of making something concrete, solid, or tangible; making an idea or concept real

ठोसीकरण

 

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Unscientific (adjective) – not based on or reflecting the principles and methods of science

अविज्ञानिक

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Slope (noun) – incline, gradient, slant, tilt

ढलान

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Flash flood (noun) – a sudden and severe flood that occurs within a short period of time

अचानक आई बाढ़

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Cloudburst (noun) – a sudden, very heavy downpour of rain; intense rainfall event

बादल फटने की घटना

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Large-scale (adjective) – extensive, widespread, broad-based, comprehensive

व्यापक

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Deforestation (noun) – the action of clearing a wide area of trees; cutting down of trees on a large scale

वनों की कटाई

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Breach (noun) – An opening or a breakthrough of a dam sometimes caused by rapid erosion of a section of earth embankment by water.

बांध का टूटना

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Deal a blow (phrase) – cause a setback, be a hindrance, make a situation more difficult or less likely to succeed

झटका देना

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Key (noun) – Solution,

कुंजी/ समाधान

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Recurrence (noun) – repetition, reiteration, happening again

दोहराव

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Eventuality (noun) – a possible event or outcome.

संभावित घटना

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Governance (noun) – the act or process of governing; ruling, controlling, leading

शासन

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Deterring (adjective) – discouraging, dissuading, inhibiting

हतोत्साहित

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Flout (verb) – disregard, ignore, neglect, violate

अवहेलना करना

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Ecological balance (noun) – a state of equilibrium within a community of organisms in a particular environment

पारिस्थितिक संतुलन

-Environ (noun) – surroundings, environment, conditions, circumstances

परिवेश