Competition and conflict
Competition and conflict: On the U.S.-China relationship
U.S. and China must manage their differences responsiblyU.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken’s marathon talks with top officials in China, which includes President Xi Jinping, have underscored the desire of the two countries to stabilise their relationship and the resultant challenges. Mr. Blinken stressed that the U.S. would make sure that the competition between the world’s two largest economies “doesn’t veer into conflict”. Mr. Xi said they should seek common ground “rather than engage in vicious competition”. But the Blinken visit also exposed the structural fault lines in the Sino-American competition. He raised America’s concerns about what he called China’s “support for Russia’s defence industry” and threatened actions if Beijing “doesn’t address this problem”. China slammed the “hypocrisy and irresponsibility” of the U.S., which just decided to send military aid worth $61 billion to Ukraine and then made “groundless accusations” against normal economic and trade exchanges between China and Russia. China also attacked the U.S. policy towards Taiwan and the South China Sea and urged Washington to look at China’s development “in a positive light”.Both the U.S. and China have mutual deep misgivings. U.S. National Defence Strategy documents name China as a “revisionist power” and a pacing technological and military challenger. The U.S. has imposed export controls to limit China’s growth in strategic sectors, particularly semiconductors, and imposed high tariffs on Chinese goods. It has also doubled down on its support for Taiwan and bolstered defence cooperation with the Philippines, which has disputes with China in the South China Sea. Beijing has blamed the U.S. for South China Sea tensions and called Washington’s support for Taiwan as an intervention in its internal affairs. While it is practically impossible to reset ties given these structural challenges, there are areas of cooperation as well. In November 2023, when Presidents Xi and Biden met in California, both sides decided to resume bilateral military-to-military communication, cooperate in addressing the risks of artificial intelligence and launch efforts to control the production of fentanyl. Tackling climate change and global food security are also areas of cooperation. A key lesson from the Cold War is that if competition between superpowers turns ugly, it could affect the world through proxy conflicts, economic wars and diplomatic crises. As the two most powerful countries, they should stay away from repeating history. Even if they are not able to resolve their ideological and geopolitical differences, they should build the guardrails that could prevent the competition from turning ugly and stay focused on the areas of cooperation, addressing the common challenges of the world.
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Given (preposition) – considering, taking into consideration, taking into account
देखते हुए
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Ties (noun) – connection, link, liaison, attachment, association संबंध
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Address (verb) – tackle, see to, deal with, confront, grapple withसुलझाना, निपटाना
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Ground (noun) – reason, cause, basis, base, foundation, justification, आधार
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Geopolitical (adjective) – Relating to politics, especially international relations, as influenced by geographical factors. भू-राजनैतिक
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Ideological (adjective) – Based on or relating to a system of ideas and ideals, especially concerning economic or political theory and policy. वैचारिक
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Affair (noun) – matter, event, issue, situation, concern, case, thing
मामला
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Intervention (noun) – involvement, intercession, interceding, interposing
हस्तक्षेप
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Make sure (phrase) – make certain, ensure
सुनिश्चित करना
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Limit (verb) – restrict, curb, check, place a limit on, cap
सीमित करना
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Vicious (adjective) – brutal, ferocious, savage
भ्रष्ट
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Aid (noun) – help, support, assistance
मदद
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Strategic (adjective) – tactical, strategical, politic, diplomatic, planned
सामरिक
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Underscore (verb) – emphasize, underline, stress, highlight, accentuate
जोर देना
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Differences (noun) – a disagreement that is not very serious
मामूली मतभेद या असहमति
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Diplomatic (adjective) – involving the management of relationships between countries
कूटनीतिक
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Economies (noun) – Countries in terms of GDP.
अर्थव्यवस्थाओं
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Stress (verb) – emphasize, strain, pressure, highlight, underline
ज़ोर देना
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Mutual (adjective) – reciprocal, joint, common, shared, collective
आपसी
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Stabilise (verb) – become stable, become constant
स्थिर बनाना
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Expose (verb) – Uncover, bare, show, reveal, display, open up
खुलासा करना, प्रकट करना
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Slam (verb) – criticize severely; censure, denounce, condemn
कड़ी आलोचना करना।
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Tariff (noun) – tax, duty, toll, excise
कर
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Veer into (phrasal verb) – To turn or swerve very suddenly and forcefully into someone or something, especially in a reckless manner.
की तरफ जाना
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Cold war (noun) – a state/situation of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action
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Bolster (verb) – strengthen, reinforce, encourage, support, augment, sustain
मजबूत करना
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Fault line (noun) – a problem that may not be obvious and could cause something to fail
समस्या
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Impose (verb) – foist, force, thrust, inflict
थोपना
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Accusation (noun) – charge, allegation, indictment, arraignment, prosecution
आरोप
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Artificial intelligence (noun) – AI refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and act like humans.
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Threaten (verb) – endanger, jeopardize, menace, intimidate, imperil
खतरे में डालना
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Resultant (adjective) – Occurring or produced as a result of something.
परिणामी
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Misgivings (noun) – doubts, reservations, apprehensions, concerns, qualms
संदेह
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Structural (adjective) – infrastructural, organizational, systematic, configurational, foundational
संरचनात्मक
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Seek (verb) – Look for, search for, try to find, aim for
, खोजना
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Guardrail (noun) – Barrier, railing, safety rail, protective barrier
सुरक्षात्मक बाधा
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Urge (verb) – Advise, insist, recommend, push for
अनुरोध करना
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Resolve (verb) – Settle, solve, sort out, fix, determine
सुलझाना
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Double down (phrasal verb) – Reinforce, strengthen, intensify, increase, amplify
मज़बूत बनाना, प्रबल करना
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Sino-American (adjective) – Pertaining to the relations between China and America.
चीन और अमेरिका के संबंधों से संबंधित
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Hypocrisy (noun) – Insincerity, duplicity, falseness, pretense, sanctimony
पाखंड
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Groundless (adjective) – Baseless, unfounded, unsubstantiated, unjustified, unwarranted
निराधार
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Revisionist (adjective) – Advocating or practicing revision, especially of an orthodox view.
संशोधनवादी
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Pacing (adjective) – Leading or setting the pace in a race or competition.
गति निर्धारित करने वाला
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Fentanyl (noun) – A powerful synthetic opioid used as a pain medication and anesthetic.
फेंटेनिल
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Turn ugly (phrase) – To become very unpleasant or hostile.
बहुत अप्रिय या शत्रुतापूर्ण बनना
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Proxy conflict (noun) – A conflict between third parties fighting on behalf of more powerful patrons.